一、間接引語的概念和變化規(guī)律

1、間接引語是用自己的話去轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話。

引用或轉(zhuǎn)述別人說的話時，采用兩種形式：一是一字不改地將別人的話加以引用，這叫直接引語;二是用自己的話加以轉(zhuǎn)述，這叫間接引語。一般來講，直接引語須放在引號內(nèi)，間接引語不必用引號，而且多用賓語從句的形式表達(dá)。例如：

She said, “I was ill yesterday.”

→She said that she had been ill the day before.

由以上例句可以看出，直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，不僅把直接引語變?yōu)橘e語從句，增加連詞that，而且還需相應(yīng)地改變代詞、動詞和狀語。如I 變成了she，was變成had been，yesterday變成the day before。

2、直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，人稱代詞要根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)述人的立場作相應(yīng)變動。

人稱代詞的變動情況要根據(jù)語境及轉(zhuǎn)述人的不同作相應(yīng)變化，一般情況下，與漢語中的變化相同。可記住一個口訣：“一主、二賓、三不變”。即第一人稱按照主句中的主語變化，第二人稱按照主句中的賓語變化，第三人稱一般不需要變化。例如：

1)He said, “I am glad to see you.”

→He said that he was glad to see me.

2)“Do you know the man over there?” Mary said to Tom.

→Mary asked Tom if he knew the man over there.

3)Jim said to me, “Jane left her schoolbag at home.”

→Jim told me that Jane had left her schoolbag at home.

3、間接引語中動詞時態(tài)的變化。

1)當(dāng)引述的動詞為現(xiàn)在時形式時，間接引語中的動詞時態(tài)不變。例如：

Tom says, “Our teacher is kind to us.”

→Tom says that their teacher is kind to them.

2)當(dāng)引述的動詞為過去時形式時，間接引語中的動詞作如下變更：

一般現(xiàn)在時→一般過去時過去進行時→不變

一般過去時→過去完成時將來進行時→過去將來進行時

一般將來時→過去將來時現(xiàn)在完成時→過去完成時

現(xiàn)在進行時→過去進行時過去完成時→不變

He said, “I will leave for Beijing tomorrow.”

→He said that he would leave for Beijing the next day.

如果所轉(zhuǎn)述的內(nèi)容表示客觀真理或有表示某一絕對具體的過去時間作狀語，間接引語中動詞的時態(tài)不變。例如：

The teacher said, “The earth is round.”

→The teacher said that the earth is round.

He said, “I was born in 1980.”

→He said that he was born in 1980.

4、直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語和表示“方向”動詞的變化。

this → that, these → those; now → then, today → that day, tomorrow → the next (following) day, next week → the next week, yesterday → the day before, last night → the night before, ago → before; here → there; come → go.

如果在當(dāng)?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)述， here不必改為there, 動詞come不必改為 go; 如果在當(dāng)天轉(zhuǎn)述，yesterday，tomorrow等時間狀語也不必改變。例如：

Kate said, “I will come here tomorrow to help these children with their English.”

→Kate said that she would go there the next day to help those children with their English.(不是在當(dāng)天當(dāng)?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)述)

→Kate said that she will come here tomorrow to help these children with their English.(在當(dāng)天當(dāng)?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)述)

二、當(dāng)直接引語是陳述句時

直接引語是陳述句時，間接引語用that引導(dǎo)，但在口語中that可以省去。從句中的人稱、時態(tài)、指示代詞、時間狀語和地點狀語等要作相應(yīng)的變化。例如：

She said to me, “I came back an hour ago.”

→She said to/told me that she had come back an hour before.

三、當(dāng)直接引語是一般疑問句、選擇疑問句、反意疑問句時

1、原句若為一般疑問句時，用whether或if 轉(zhuǎn)述;原句若為選擇疑問句時，用whether…or…/…or not;原句若為反意疑問句，則常用whether或if 轉(zhuǎn)述。

2、疑問句語序變?yōu)殛愂鼍湔Z序。

3、主句中的謂語動詞為said時，要改為asked;沒有間接賓語時，可以加一個間接賓語(如me，him等)。

4、句末用句號。

5、從句中的人稱、動詞時態(tài)和狀語等也要作相應(yīng)的變化。

He said, “Are you interested in English?”

→He asked (me) if /whether I was interested in English.

I asked him, “Will you stay at home or go to a film tonight?”

→I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night.

“You’ve already got well, haven’t you?” she asked.

→She asked (me) whether/if I had already got well.

四、當(dāng)直接引語是特殊疑問句時

如果直接引語是特殊疑問句，改為間接引語時，仍用原句中的wh-類的詞引導(dǎo)，其余的變化同直接引語為一般疑問句的情況2—5條一樣。例如：

“What is your name?” he asked me.

→He asked me what my name was.

He asked: “Where are you to get off, Peter?”

→He asked Peter where he was to get off.

如果在直接引語的特殊疑問句中，疑問詞作主語或主語的修飾語，則語序不需要變化。例如：

“Whose picture is the most beautiful in your class?” asked the boy’s father.

→The boy’s father asked him whose picture was the most beautiful in his class.

五、當(dāng)直接引語是祈使句時

直接引語為祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語可用如下的結(jié)構(gòu)“主語+asked/advised sb. (not) to do sth.”。

1、需將原祈使句中謂語動詞變成不定式。如果祈使句為否定句，則用不定式的否定形式，即在不定式前加not。

2、原主句謂語動詞said須改為asked，told，ordered，warned或advised等含有祈使意義的能帶賓補的及物動詞。

3、原句有“please”時，主句謂語多用asked(請求)，并去掉please。例如：

He said to me, “Shut the window, please.”

→He asked me to shut the window.

He said, “Don’t make so much noise.”

→He told us not to make so much noise.

如果以let開頭的祈使句表示勸告或建議，可用“suggest + that從句”或“suggest doing”來轉(zhuǎn)述。例如：

“Let’s go to the cinema.” Tom said.

→Tom suggested that they (should) go to the cinema.

→Tom suggested going to the cinema.

六、直接引語是感嘆句時

直接引語是感嘆句變間接引語時仍可用what或how引導(dǎo)，詞序不變，也可用that 引導(dǎo)，將句子變成相應(yīng)的名詞性從句。例如：

She said, “What a lovely day it is!”

→She said what a lovely day it was.

→She said that it was a lovely day.

直接引語和間接引語練習(xí)題

將下列句中的直接引語改為間接引語

1.I said to/ordered my boy, “Go home.”

2.The doctor said to her, “Don’t eat too much fat.”

3. “Have you any difficulty?” he asked me.

4.He said/asked, “Is she coming?”

5.He said/asked, “Where have you been?”

6. “Why didn’t you tell me earlier?” I asked her.

7.He asked me, “How long will it take to go there by plane?”

8.He told/said to me, “Abraham Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809.”

9.He asked me, “Do you study English or French?”

10.He said, “How happy I am!”

初中英語間接引語和直接引語的轉(zhuǎn)換方法這篇文章大家已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)過了，希望這次學(xué)習(xí)對大家有很大的幫助，最后，祝愿大家都能取得好的成績!